232. Implement Queue using Stacks

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232. Implement Queue using Stacks

Description

Difficulty: Easy

Related Topics: Stack, Design, Queue

Implement a first in first out (FIFO) queue using only two stacks. The implemented queue should support all the functions of a normal queue (push, peek, pop, and empty).

Implement the MyQueue class:

  • void push(int x) Pushes element x to the back of the queue.
  • int pop() Removes the element from the front of the queue and returns it.
  • int peek() Returns the element at the front of the queue.
  • boolean empty() Returns true if the queue is empty, false otherwise.

Notes:

  • You must use only standard operations of a stack, which means only push to top, peek/pop from top, size, and is empty operations are valid.
  • Depending on your language, the stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack using a list or deque (double-ended queue) as long as you use only a stack’s standard operations.

Example 1:

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Input
["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"]
[[], [1], [2], [], [], []]
Output
[null, null, null, 1, 1, false]

Explanation
MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();
myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]
myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue)
myQueue.peek(); // return 1
myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]
myQueue.empty(); // return false

Constraints:

  • 1 <= x <= 9
  • At most 100 calls will be made to push, pop, peek, and empty.
  • All the calls to pop and peek are valid.

Follow-up: Can you implement the queue such that each operation is amortized O(1) time complexity? In other words, performing n operations will take overall O(n) time even if one of those operations may take longer.

Hints/Notes

  • use 2 stacks

Solution

Language: C++

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class MyQueue {
public:
    stack<int> s1;
    stack<int> s2;

    MyQueue() {

    }
    
    void push(int x) {
        s1.push(x);
    }
    
    int pop() {
        int num = peek();
        s2.pop();
        return num;
    }
    
    int peek() {
        if (s2.empty()) {
            while (!s1.empty()) {
                int num = s1.top();
                s1.pop();
                s2.push(num);
            }
        }
        return s2.top();
    }
    
    bool empty() {
        return s1.empty() && s2.empty();
    }
};

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue* obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj->push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj->pop();
 * int param_3 = obj->peek();