210. Course Schedule II

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210. Course Schedule II

Description

Difficulty: Medium

Related Topics: Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Graph, Topological Sort

There are a total of numCourses courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to numCourses - 1. You are given an array prerequisites where prerequisites[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that you must take course bi first if you want to take course ai.

  • For example, the pair [0, 1], indicates that to take course 0 you have to first take course 1.

Return the ordering of courses you should take to finish all courses. If there are many valid answers, return any of them. If it is impossible to finish all courses, return an empty array.

Example 1:

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Input: numCourses = 2, prerequisites = [[1,0]]
Output: [0,1]
Explanation: There are a total of 2 courses to take. To take course 1 you should have finished course 0\. So the correct course order is [0,1].

Example 2:

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Input: numCourses = 4, prerequisites = [[1,0],[2,0],[3,1],[3,2]]
Output: [0,2,1,3]
Explanation: There are a total of 4 courses to take. To take course 3 you should have finished both courses 1 and 2\. Both courses 1 and 2 should be taken after you finished course 0.
So one correct course order is [0,1,2,3]. Another correct ordering is [0,2,1,3].

Example 3:

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Input: numCourses = 1, prerequisites = []
Output: [0]

Constraints:

  • 1 <= numCourses <= 2000
  • 0 <= prerequisites.length <= numCourses * (numCourses - 1)
  • prerequisites[i].length == 2
  • 0 <= ai, bi < numCourses
  • ai != bi
  • All the pairs [ai, bi] are distinct.

Hints/Notes

  • 2023/09/01
  • Build the graph first
  • Use postOrder to record the route
  • No solution from 0x3F

Solution

Language: C++

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class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> graph;
    vector<bool> visited;
    vector<bool> onPath;
    bool can = true;
    vector<int> postOrder;

    vector<int> findOrder(int numCourses, vector<vector<int>>& prerequisites) {
        graph = vector<vector<int>>(numCourses, vector<int>());
        visited = vector<bool>(numCourses, false);
        onPath = vector<bool>(numCourses, false);

        for (auto pair : prerequisites) {
            int from = pair[0], to = pair[1];
            graph[from].push_back(to);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++) {
            traverse(i);
        }

        if (!can) {
            return vector<int>();
        }

        return postOrder;
    }

    void traverse(int node) {
        if (onPath[node]) {
            can = false;
        }

        if (onPath[node] || visited[node]) {
            return;
        }

        visited[node] = true;
        onPath[node] = true;

        for (int i : graph[node]) {
            traverse(i);
        }

        postOrder.push_back(node);
        onPath[node] = false;
    }
};